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ironjustice · Guest

Research: WAGNER and colleagues,
Listed in Issue 79

Abstract
WAGNER and colleagues, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University
of Vienna, Austria, karl-heinz.wagner@univie.ac.at, investigated the
effects of dietary supplementation with oil rich in polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFAs) in comparison with dietary supplementation with an
oil mixture rich in saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and
polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood fatty acid levels.

Background
Results from previous studies comparing effects of SFAs, MUFAs and
PUFAs and their combinations have been contradictory.

Methodology
This was a double-blind, randomized, comparative, cross-over design
study in 28 healthy male non-smokers aged 19-31 years. Dietary
supplementation with two types of oils were compared: 1) an olive oil/
sunflower oil mixture containing a high level of oleic acid and a
moderate level of PUFAs (ratios of SFAs:MUFAs:PUFAs = 14:69:17) ('M-
rich') ; 2) a single PUFA-rich corn oil (SFAs:MUFAs:PUFAs = 13:33:54)
('P-rich') . The subjects entered a 2-week baseline period during
which they consumed a mixed balanced diet (average calories 11.6 MJ,
average fat 105 g/day). This was followed by a 2-week study period
when they consumed a diet supplemented with either the P-rich oil (80
g corn oil/day) or the M-rich oil (68 g olive oil + 12 g sunflower oil/
day) as the main fat source. Subjects were then crossed over to the
opposite oil- supplemented diet for a further 2 weeks . Dietary
compliance was confirmed by measuring fatty acid compositions of
plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and levels of alpha- and gamma-
tocopherol in plasma and plasma LDLs. The researchers investigated the
effects of the dietary supplementations on plasma levels of LDL-
cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDLs), HDL-cholesterol, very
low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides, total triglycerides and
total cholesterol.

Results
There were significant changes in plasma LDL and tocopherols and LDL-
tocopherols and significant changes in the average ratio of oleic to
linoleic acids in LDL, confirming that the dietary lipids were well
incorporated . The P-rich diet significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol
after the first 2-week study period and showed a similar but less
pronounced (non-significant) trend after the cross-over study period.
The P-rich diet reduced total triglyceride levels and VLDL-
triglyceride levels to a significantly greater extent than the M-rich
diet after the first 2-week study period and similarly reduced total
cholesterol levels after the cross-over study period. Neither diet
affected total HDL and HDL-cholesterol levels.

Conclusions
The PUFA-rich diet had a greater influence on lipoprotein metabolism
than the MUFA-rich diet . The cholesterol-lowering effect of the PUFA-
rich diet is likely to be related to its high content of
unsaponifiable (non-hydrolysable) substances, mainly phytosterols in
the corn oil .

References
Wagner KH et al. Impact of diets containing corn oil or olive/
sunflower oil mixture on the human plasma and lipoprotein lipid
metabolism. European Journal of Nutrition 40 (4): 161-7. Aug 2001.

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ironjustice · Guest

Research: HU, STAMPFER, WILLETT
Listed in Issue 43

Abstract HU, STAMPFER, WILLETT and colleagues, Department of
Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115, USA.
frank.Hu@channing.harvard.edu write that experimental studies in
animals and humans suggest that alpha-linolenic acid may reduce the
risk of arrhythmia . The authors investigated the association between
dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischaemic
heart disease (IHD) .

Methodology The authors conducted a prospective cohort study. Alpha-
linolenic acid intake was derived from a 116-item food-frequency
questionnaire completed in 1984 by 76,283 women without previously
diagnosed cancer or cardiovascular disease.

Results During the 10 year period of follow-up, the authors documented
232 cases of fatal IHD and 597 cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction
(heart attack). A higher intake of alpha-linolenic acid was associated
with a lower relative risk (RR) of fatal IHD, following adjustment for
age, coronary risk factors and dietary intake of linoleic acid and
other nutrients. The RRs from the lowest to highest quintiles were
1.0, 0.99, 0.90, 0.67 and 0.55. For nonfatal heart attack, there was a
modest, nonsignificant trend toward reduced risk when extreme
quintiles were compared (RR: 0.85; 0.61, 1.29). Higher intake of oil
and vinegar salad dressing, an important source of alpha-linolenic
acid, was associated with reduced risk of fatal IHD, when women
consuming this food 5-6 times per week were compared with those who
rarely did so (RR 0.46, 0.27, 0.76).

Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that higher alpha-
linolenic acid intake protects against fatal IHD . Higher consumption
of food including oil-based salad dressing providing polyunsaturated
fats such as alpha-linolenic, may reduce risk of fatal IHD.

References Hu FG, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC et al. Dietary intake of
alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among
women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69(5): 890-7. May 1999.

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ironjustice · Guest

Research: LI and colleagues, Dep
Listed in Issue 43

Abstract LI and colleagues, Department of Food Science, RMIT
University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia write that vegetarians have
lower platelet and plasma concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFAs) than do omnivores . The authors recently
demonstrated that male vegetarians have higher platelet aggregability
than omnivores. The authors studied whether male vegetarians who ate
increased amounts of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) showed changes
in their tissue PUFA profile, plasma thromboxane concentrations,
platelet aggregability, or haemostatic factors.

Methodology 17 men participated in the study. They maintained their
usual vegetarian diets except that a proportion of dietary fat was
replaced with substituted vegetable oils and margarines. All the men
initially ate a low-ALA diet with safflower oil and safflower-based
margarine for 14 days; thereafter they consumed either a moderate-ALA
diet with canola oil and canola-based margarine, or a high-ALA diet
with linseed oil and linseed oil-based margarine for 28 days. Blood
samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and thereafter at days 14
and 42.

Results Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid, total n-3
PUFAs and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs were increased significantly;
however the ratio of arachidonic acid to EPA was decreased in platelet
phospholipids, plasma phospholipids and triacylglycerols following
either the moderate-ALA or high-ALA diet compared with the low-ALA
diet. There were no significant differences observed in thrombotic
risk factors.

Conclusions ALA from vegetable oils (canola and linseed) has a
beneficial effect upon omega-3 PUFA concentrations of platelet
phospholipids and plasma lipids in vegetarian males .

References Li D et al. Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on
thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men. American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition. 69(50: 872-82. May 1999.

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ironjustice · Guest

On Nov 19, 11:19 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:EPA
and DHA and alpha-linolenic acid <<

"Fish oil don>t turn back into alpha-linolenic acid"

"If you get fish oil, you still need the alpha-linolenic acid, because
it>s part of the membrane. And the EPA and DHA don>t turn back into
alpha-linolenic acid."

http://www.positivehealth.com/article-view.php?articleid=818

An Interview with Udo Erasmus
by Sandra Goodman PhD and Mike Howell (more info)
listed in interviews, originally published in issue 12 - May/June 1996

Why do you recommend flax oil as a source of omega-3 rather than fish
oils?

Because flax oil is five times more stable, but it>s also the ground
material. I>m building the foundation here. The body can make EPA and
DHA which fish oils contain, from flax oil, from alpha-linolenic acid
in flax oil, but if you get fish oil, you still need the alpha-
linolenic acid, because it>s part of the membrane. And the EPA and DHA
don>t turn back into alpha-linolenic acid. You also have better
metabolic control if your cells have better metabolic control, so they
make EPA and DHA and the prostaglandins that they need where they need
them, when they need them and how much they need them. My reason for
using the essential fatty acids is to build the foundation.

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[quote]Research: LI and colleagues, Dep
Listed in Issue 43

Abstract LI and colleagues, Department of Food Science, RMIT
University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia write that vegetarians have
lower platelet and plasma concentrations of omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFAs) than do omnivores . The authors recently
demonstrated that male vegetarians have higher platelet aggregability
than omnivores. The authors studied whether male vegetarians who ate
increased amounts of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) showed changes
in their tissue PUFA profile, plasma thromboxane concentrations,
platelet aggregability, or haemostatic factors.

Methodology 17 men participated in the study. They maintained their
usual vegetarian diets except that a proportion of dietary fat was
replaced with substituted vegetable oils and margarines. All the men
initially ate a low-ALA diet with safflower oil and safflower-based
margarine for 14 days; thereafter they consumed either a moderate-ALA
diet with canola oil and canola-based margarine, or a high-ALA diet
with linseed oil and linseed oil-based margarine for 28 days. Blood
samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and thereafter at days 14
and 42.

Results Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid, total n-3
PUFAs and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs were increased significantly;
however the ratio of arachidonic acid to EPA was decreased in platelet
phospholipids, plasma phospholipids and triacylglycerols following
either the moderate-ALA or high-ALA diet compared with the low-ALA
diet. There were no significant differences observed in thrombotic
risk factors.

Conclusions ALA from vegetable oils (canola and linseed) has a
beneficial effect upon omega-3 PUFA concentrations of platelet
phospholipids and plasma lipids in vegetarian males .

References Li D et al. Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on
thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men. American Journal of
Clinical Nutrition. 69(50: 872-82. May 1999.

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Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk[/quote]

Guest · Posted: Wed Nov 19, 2008 9:08 pm Post subject: Re: SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs

Yes, this is a toxic effect, and not something you want (low LDL means
higher risk of cancer; high LDL is good so long as it is not
oxidized). This study demonstrates the problem with "nutritional
science" I>ve been documenting for years now. That is, these
"experts" create abstract categories that don>t correspond to dietary
reality, then they compile statistics based upon those statistics,
along with the correlations to assumptions about "bio-markers," like
"high cholesterol." What is "dietary reality?" One example is that
antioxidant content of diets is not taken into account in most studies
of dietary lipid consumption. Thus, those who eat more PUFAs also may
tend to eat less meat and more antioxidant-rich foods. Unless all
potentially causative factors are controlled, the scientific method is
not being adhered to, and you are at least as likely to get misleading
interpretations as accurate ones. But, Tom, since I>ve explained this
to you before, my guess is that you are a "religious nut" who wants
his diet to correspond to his dogma. Good luck with that approach, or
perhaps you have some sort of divine protection against lipid
peroxidation that the rest of us don>t possess.

ironjustice · Guest

On Nov 19, 1:08 pm, monty1...@lycos.com wrote:But, Tom, since I>ve
explained this to you before, my guess is that you are a "religious
nut" who wants his diet to correspond to his dogma. <<

"Plants are very good foods for you" ..

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ironjustice · Guest

On Nov 19, 1:08Â pm, monty1...@lycos.com wrote:
some sort of divine protection against lipid
peroxidation that the rest of us don>t possess. <<

The problem with Pufa>s and iron seem to be well known.

"Oxidative damage, possibly due to the disposition of this species to
excessive iron storage. An unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs would
exacerbate this problem"

Fatty acid status in captive and free-ranging black rhinoceroses
(Diceros bicornis)*
Authors: Clauss, M.1; Dierenfeld, E. S.2; Bigley, K. E.3; Wang, Y.4;
Ghebremeskel, K.4; Hatt, J.-M.1; Flach, E. J.5; Behlert, O.6; Castell,
J. C.7; Streich, W. J.8; Bauer, J. E.3

Source: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Volume 92,
Number 3, June 2008 , pp. 231-241(11)

Summary

The fatty acid (FA) patterns of plasma/serum triglycerides (TG),
phospholipids (PL) and cholesteryl esters (CE) of captive and free-
ranging black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) were investigated. Free-
ranging animals (nâ€‰=â€‰28) stemmed from four different regions. Captive
animals sampled included specimens from North American (nâ€‰=â€‰11) and
three different European facilities (nâ€‰=â€‰6). The European animals were
tested on 1-4 different diets, resulting in a total of 15 blood
samples. Regardless of differences between the free-ranging animals
from different regions, differences between captive and free-ranging
animals were relatively uniform: captive animals had higher overall
proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), due to levels of
linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n6) that were drastically increased as compared
to free-ranging animals. In contrast, levels of alpha-linolenic acid
(ALA, 18:3n3) were consistently lower on conventional zoo diets. n6/n3
ratios for TG, PL and CE were 1.6, 10 and 8 in samples from free-
ranging animals, respectively, as compared to 4.1-16.3, 16-148 and
40-277 in samples from captive animals. There was a distinct
correlation between the proportion of grain-based products (commercial
concentrates, plain grains and bread) in the diets of the European
animals and the measured levels of n6 PUFA. An animal from a facility
with a very low proportion of grain products in the diet nevertheless
had high LA readings, most probably due to the use of sunflower oil as
2% (dry matter basis) of its diet. One animal that received a high
proportion of grass meal pellets due to an oral disease had increased
ALA contents after the diet change. These results allow conclusions on
the suitability of diets fed in captivity: the black rhinoceros is
prone to several uncommon diseases that have been suspected to be
linked to oxidative damage, possibly due to the disposition of this
species to excessive iron storage. An unnatural dietary loading with
PUFAs would exacerbate this problem. Additionally, n6 FAs are known as
precursors of pro-inflammatory mediators, and their overrepresentation
could therefore exacerbate any inflammatory processes. Therefore, the
current practice of using grain-based feeds as major ingredients in
captive rhinoceros diets is discouraged. Diet items containing ALA (a
precursor of anti-inflammatory mediators) such as, fresh grass, fresh
browse, the respective silages should be included at higher levels in
diets for captive black rhinoceroses. Grass meal pellets, although a
good source of ALA and linked with high levels of ALA in an animal of
this study, must be chosen with care for black rhinoceroses due to
their particular proneness for high iron contents.
Keywords: black rhinoceros; fatty acid; linoleic acid; linolenic acid;
polyunsaturated fatty acids; nutrition; diet

Document Type: Research article

DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00730.x

Affiliations: 1: â€‚Division of Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2:
Department of Animal Health and Nutrition, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint
Louis, MO, USA 3: â€‚Texas A & M University, College of Veterinary
Medicine and Biomedical Science, College Station, TX, USA 4:
Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, University of North
London, London, UK 5: â€‚Zoological Society of London, Whipsnade Wild
Animal Park, Dunstable, Bedfordshire, UK 6: â€‚Zoological Garden of
Cologne, Cologne, Germany 7: â€‚Institute of Animal Physiology,
Physiological Chemistry and Animal Nutrition, Munich, Germany 8:
Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany

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Taka · Guest

On Nov 20, 2:46 pm, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:
[quote]On Nov 19, 1:08 pm, monty1...@lycos.com wrote:
some sort of divine protection against lipid
peroxidation that the rest of us don>t possess.

The problem with Pufa>s and iron seem to be well known.

"Oxidative damage, possibly due to the disposition of this species to
excessive iron storage. An unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs would
exacerbate this problem"
[/quote]
Wouldn>t you call the common fried foods consumed by many people on
daily basis "an unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs", Tom?

Taka

ironjustice@aol.com · Guest

On Nov 20, 6:21 am, Taka <taka0...@gmail.com> wrote:
Wouldn>t you call the common fried foods consumed by many people on
daily basis "an unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs", Tom? <<

BUT .. like the article says .. if iron is present ..

It doesn>t say anything about adverse effects if iron ISN>T present ..

The only way we>ll know that is if they take someone who is GUARANTEED
not to have excess iron and THEN test to see if these adverse effects
happen at anywhere the rate they do in those who are KNOWN to be iron
overloaded / moderate / minor.

The chances of that being tested are going to be slim because as
evidenced in previous studies the
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ironjustice@aol.com · Guest

On Nov 20, 7:16 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
wrote:"an unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs" <<

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Volume 19 Issue 1, Pages 59 - 69
Published Online: 31 Jan 2006

(c) 2008 The British Dietetic Association

Identification of nutritionally adequate mixtures of vegetable oils by
linear programming

Abstract

Objective To determine the types and proportions of vegetable oils to
recommend for a healthy diet.

Methods Optimal vegetable oil combinations were designed, using
linear programming and, as decision variables, nine single oils and 29
basic food items. 'Oil models' were run to determine whether
reasonable amounts of individuals oils or oil mixtures satisfied a set
of constraints on essential fatty acids and vitamin E. 'Meal models'
were run to test whether selected mixtures could be used as the sole
source of added fat in a meal that met micronutrient and macronutrient
recommendations.

Results The cheapest mixture (0.97 EURO L-1) that solved the oil models
contained 81% rapeseed and 19% sunflower oils. About 10-15 g of this
mixture, alone or with olive, soya bean, wheat germ or walnut oils,
also solved the meal models. Mixtures that contained a high proportion
(™50%) of the tasty olive and walnut oils also solved the models but
were more expensive (4.9 EURO L-1 and 8.5 EURO L-1, respectively).

Conclusions The consumption of a mixture composed of rapeseed and
sunflower oils in a 4 : 1 proportion is an inexpensive and simple way
to meet current dietary recommendations for essential fatty acids and
vitamin E, favouring overall dietary nutrient adequacy.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1111/j.1365-277X.2006.00669.x About DOI

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ironjustice@aol.com · Guest

On Nov 20, 8:50 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com> wrote:

http://www.lipidlibrary.co.uk/Lipids/fa_poly/index.htm

Essential Fatty Acids
Linoleic and linolenic acids cannot be synthesised in animal tissues
and must be obtained from the diet, i.e. ultimately from plants.
There is an absolute requirement for these 'essential fatty acids' for
growth, reproduction and good health.
Young animals deprived of these fatty acids in the diet rapidly
display the effects, including diminished growth, liver and kidney
damage, and dermatitis; these eventually result in death.
A key biochemical parameter is the 'triene-tetraene' ratio, i.e. the
ratio of 20:3(n-9) to 20:4(n-6) fatty acids in plasma; levels greater
than 0.4 reflect essential fatty acid deficiency.
It takes longer for the effects to become apparent in older animals,
which may have substantial stores of essential fatty acids in their
body fats, but symptoms will appear eventually.
The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency have been seen in human
infants, on adults on parenteral nutrition or with certain genetic
disorders.
The absolute requirements are dependent on a number of factors,
including species and sex, but are usually considered to be 1-2% for
linoleate, and somewhat less for linolenate.
In contrast, the requirement for á-linolenate in fish is higher than
for linoleate.
For some years it was believed that cats lacked a Ä6 desaturase and
had an absolute requirement for arachidonic acid especially in their
diet, i.e. they were obligate carnivores, but this now appears not to
be the case.

Linoleate and linolenate may in fact be less important than their
longer-chain metabolites in animal biology.
The functions of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic
acids that make them essential are only partly understood.
They are signalling molecules and are involved in the regulation of
gene expression. They are precursors of eicosanoids, including
prostaglandins (PG1, PG2 and PG3 series), thromboxanes, leukotrienes,
and lipoxins, which have a variety of important biological
properties.
In addition, these polyunsaturated fatty acids confer distinctive
attributes on the complex lipids that may be required for their
function in membranes.

Although the actual requirement for polyunsaturated fatty acids is
relatively low, general nutritional advice for the human diet until
relatively recently was that they should comprise a substantial part
of the daily intake.
Now it is recognized that the propensity of such fatty acids for
oxidation can lead to potentially harmful levels of hydroperoxides in
tissues.
Higher relative proportions of monoenes are now recommended.
Detailed discussion of this topic is not possible here.

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[quote]On Nov 20, 7:16 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com
wrote:"an unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs"

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Volume 19 Issue 1, Pages 59 - 69
Published Online: 31 Jan 2006

(c) 2008 The British Dietetic Association

Identification of nutritionally adequate mixtures of vegetable oils by
linear programming

Abstract

Objective To determine the types and proportions of vegetable oils to
recommend for a healthy diet.

Methods Optimal vegetable oil combinations were designed, using
linear programming and, as decision variables, nine single oils and 29
basic food items. 'Oil models' were run to determine whether
reasonable amounts of individuals oils or oil mixtures satisfied a set
of constraints on essential fatty acids and vitamin E. 'Meal models'
were run to test whether selected mixtures could be used as the sole
source of added fat in a meal that met micronutrient and macronutrient
recommendations.

Results The cheapest mixture (0.97 EURO L-1) that solved the oil models
contained 81% rapeseed and 19% sunflower oils. About 10-15 g of this
mixture, alone or with olive, soya bean, wheat germ or walnut oils,
also solved the meal models. Mixtures that contained a high proportion
((tm)50%) of the tasty olive and walnut oils also solved the models but
were more expensive (4.9 EURO L-1 and 8.5 EURO L-1, respectively).

Conclusions The consumption of a mixture composed of rapeseed and
sunflower oils in a 4 : 1 proportion is an inexpensive and simple way
to meet current dietary recommendations for essential fatty acids and
vitamin E, favouring overall dietary nutrient adequacy.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1111/j.1365-277X.2006.00669.x About DOI

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/634q5a

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk[/quote]

nancy k · Guest

On Nov 20, 10:50 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com>
wrote:
[quote]On Nov 20, 7:16 am, "ironjust...@aol.com" <ironjust...@aol.com
wrote:"an unnatural dietary loading with PUFAs"

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Volume 19 Issue 1, Pages 59 - 69
Published Online: 31 Jan 2006

(c) 2008 The British Dietetic Association

Identification of nutritionally adequate mixtures of vegetable oils by
linear programming

Abstract

Objective To determine the types and proportions of vegetable oils to
recommend for a healthy diet.

Methods Optimal vegetable oil combinations were designed, using
linear programming and, as decision variables, nine single oils and 29
basic food items. 'Oil models' were run to determine whether
reasonable amounts of individuals oils or oil mixtures satisfied a set
of constraints on essential fatty acids and vitamin E. 'Meal models'
were run to test whether selected mixtures could be used as the sole
source of added fat in a meal that met micronutrient and macronutrient
recommendations.

Results The cheapest mixture (0.97 EURO L-1) that solved the oil models
contained 81% rapeseed and 19% sunflower oils. About 10-15 g of this
mixture, alone or with olive, soya bean, wheat germ or walnut oils,
also solved the meal models. Mixtures that contained a high proportion
(™50%) of the tasty olive and walnut oils also solved the models but
were more expensive (4.9 EURO L-1 and 8.5 EURO L-1, respectively).

Conclusions The consumption of a mixture composed of rapeseed and
sunflower oils in a 4 : 1 proportion is an inexpensive and simple way
to meet current dietary recommendations for essential fatty acids and
vitamin E, favouring overall dietary nutrient adequacy.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER (DOI)
10.1111/j.1365-277X.2006.00669.x About DOI

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/634q5a

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
[/quote]
DOES ANYBODY HAVE THE LINK TO A MORE RECENT AND MORE RELIABLE STUDY
( DONE ON A LARGER GROUP OF PEOPLE) STUDY ON PUFA??????????????

ironjustice@aol.com · Guest

On Nov 20, 9:46 am, nancy k <guirguisn9...@uhcl.edu> wrote:
DOES ANYBODY HAVE THE LINK TO A MORE RECENT AND MORE RELIABLE STUDY
( DONE ON A LARGER GROUP OF PEOPLE) STUDY ON PUFA??????????????
<<

Do you know your fatty acids .. ?

Nobody seems to say anything when it is mentioned that fish oil Pufa
cannot turn into alpha-linolenic acid in the body.

I had to find the reference and the reference was ONLY made by one man
Uro Erasmus ..

Do YOU have any reference for the FACT .. ? .. fish oils do not revert
BACK to the alpha-linolenic acid and any fishoil which DOES contain
alpha-linolenic acid in fact contains very LITTLE actual .. alpha -
linolenic acid .. ?

THEREFORE the PREcurser to the acetylcholine pathway in the brain ..
alpha-linolenic / phosphatidylcholine / plant fatty acid is ONLY
really .. appreciated WHEN one consumes this SPECIFIC plant fatty acid
alpha-linolenic acid found MINORLY in fish oil BUT .. majorly .. in a
plant based diet.

MUST be obtained from the diet .. plant foods.

Orrrr .. drugs.

Thats>s those drugs they use for Alzheimers Parkinsons' ADHD etc.

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

ironjustice@aol.com · Guest

On Nov 19, 11:15 am, ironjustice <teamtan...@hotmail.com> wrote:Higher
consumption
of food including oil-based salad dressing providing polyunsaturated
fats such as alpha-linolenic, may reduce risk of fatal IHD. <<

Some bodypointed out that .. vinegar and oil IS .. acetic acid acetyl + soybean oil = phosphatidylcholine = ta da ..
acetylcholine ..

That means a .. pickle .. too .. probably ..

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/634q5a

Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk


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