Olafur Pall Olafsson
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 Posted: Mon Oct 27, 2008 5:47 am Post subject: From life to death--the struggle between chemistry and biolo |
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Biogerontology. 2000;1(3):235-46.
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From life to death--the struggle between chemistry and biology
during aging: the Maillard reaction as an amplifier of genomic damage.
Baynes JW.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and
Mathematics, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, SC 29208, USA. baynes@mail.chem.sc.edu
Biogerontology is the study of the aging of biological systems.
This review addresses the relationship between chemistry and biology
during aging, proposing that chemistry is responsible for the aging of
biological systems. In the continuing struggle between chemistry and
biology, chemistry is always the short-term, tactical winner--death of
the individual is inevitable. However, barring the extinction of
species, biology is the long-term, strategic victor--life survives,
and the struggle continues. The rate of random chemical damage to the
genome is considered the major factor determining lifespan of species.
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species are recognized as a
primary source of damage in aging and chronic disease. The Maillard
reaction, involving nonenzymatic, oxidative reactions of carbohydrate
and lipid substrates, is seen as an amplifier of reactive oxygen
damage. Maillard reaction products in protein are viewed as
integrators of cumulative damage by reactive oxygen, and possibly as
initiators of protective responses, but the primary factor affecting
lifespan is identified as silent cumulative damage to the genome,
resulting from imperfect repair. Maillard reaction inhibitors show
promise for treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and
atherosclerosis, and also have a positive effect on health in normal
animals. Future studies should focus on evaluation of the effects of
these inhibitors on genomic damage and lifespan extension.
Publication Types:
* Research Support, U.S. Gov>t, P.H.S.
* Review
PMID: 11707900 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
* The Maillard hypothesis on aging: time to focus on DNA. [Ann
N Y Acad Sci. 2002]
* Role of the Maillard reaction in diabetes mellitus and
diseases of aging. [Drugs Aging. 1996]
* Maillard reaction products in tissue proteins: new products
and new perspectives. [Amino Acids. 2003]
* DNA replication stress, genome instability and aging.
[Nucleic Acids Res. 2007]
* Aging in vertebrates, and the effect of caloric restriction:
a mitochondrial free radical production-DNA damage mechanism? [Biol
Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2004]
* » See all Related Articles...
The full text article is not free but for those with access to it it
is a good reading. Here is one quote from it from the section on
crosslinking:
"Extracellular matrix proteins accumulate higher levels of
monofunctional chemical modifications, as well as crosslinks, not
because they are uniquely sensitive to damage, but because they
generally turnover more slowly. There are few quantitative studies on
the age-dependent accumulation of biomarkers in intracellular
proteins, even in proteins with long half-lives, such as contractile
proteins in muscle or histones in post-mitotic cells. These proteins
may be exposed to higher levels of reactive oxygen species generated
in mitochondria or peroxisomes, or to higher levels of reactive
carbonyl intermediates in glycolysis, but are also better protected by
intracellular
antioxidant and detoxification systems."
Here is another quote:
"In contrast to AGEs [advanced glycation end-products] and EAGLEs
[either an advanced glycation or an advanced lipoxidation end-
products], none of the ALEs [advanced lipoxidation end-products] are
known to increase in proteins with age. The MDA and HNE adducts retain
reactive carbonyl groups and initiate protein crosslinking during
lipid peroxidation reactions. It is likely that these crosslinks or
other products of lipid peroxidation will eventually be identified and
shown to accumulate in proteins with age." |
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Olafur Pall Olafsson
Guest
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| Posted: Thu Oct 30, 2008 11:03 pm Post subject: Re: From life to death--the struggle between chemistry and b |
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On Oct 30, 9:10 pm, jackson.alo...@googlemail.com wrote:
[quote]Hi,
do you think that it would be useful to take some Pyridoxamine as
Maillard Reaction Blocker?
[/quote]
Absolutely, it has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the
early stages of the Maillard reaction. I myself take 400mg of it daily
to prevent advanced glycation endproduct formation.
[quote]If yes, how much?
[/quote]
I recommend taking as much as you can afford and can safely take
without risking toxicity. How much is that? That depends on how much
vitamin B6 you are getting from other sources. Realize that vitamin B6
is neurotoxic at high doses. Pyridoxine (the form of vitamin B6 most
commonly found in supplements) is relatively safe for a 70kg adult in
doses up to 300-400mg daily, although there exist reports of people
experiencing neurotoxicity at lower doses. Pyridoxamine on the other
hand appears to be less toxic than pyridoxine and should be relatively
safe in doses up to about 400mg daily for a 70kg adult.
You must take all sources of B6 into account when determining how much
pyridoxamine you can safely take. If f.ex. you are taking a multi
vitamin with 100mg of pyridoxin in it you only have room to add about
200-300mg of pyridoxamine to your regimen in order to not risk
neurotoxicity. If on the other hand you are not taking any pyridoxin
taking up to 400mg of pyridoxamine daily should be relatively safe.
This would be the ideal situation, to replace all the pyridoxine you
take with pyridoxamine if possible. The problem with attempting to do
so is that almost all multi vitamins on the market today contain
vitamin B6 in the form of pyridoxine. |
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Guest
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| Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 9:55 pm Post subject: Re: From life to death--the struggle between chemistry and b |
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On 31 Okt., 00:03, Olafur Pall Olafsson <olafurp...@yahoo.com> wrote:
[quote]On Oct 30, 9:10 pm, jackson.alo...@googlemail.com wrote:
Hi,
do you think that it would be useful to take some Pyridoxamine as
Maillard Reaction Blocker?
Absolutely, it has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the
early stages of the Maillard reaction. I myself take 400mg of it daily
to prevent advanced glycation endproduct formation.
If yes, how much?
I recommend taking as much as you can afford and can safely take
without risking toxicity. How much is that? That depends on how much
vitamin B6 you are getting from other sources. Realize that vitamin B6
is neurotoxic at high doses. Pyridoxine (the form of vitamin B6 most
commonly found in supplements) is relatively safe for a 70kg adult in
doses up to 300-400mg daily, although there exist reports of people
experiencing neurotoxicity at lower doses. Pyridoxamine on the other
hand appears to be less toxic than pyridoxine and should be relatively
safe in doses up to about 400mg daily for a 70kg adult.
You must take all sources of B6 into account when determining how much
pyridoxamine you can safely take. If f.ex. you are taking a multi
vitamin with 100mg of pyridoxin in it you only have room to add about
200-300mg of pyridoxamine to your regimen in order to not risk
neurotoxicity. If on the other hand you are not taking any pyridoxin
taking up to 400mg of pyridoxamine daily should be relatively safe.
This would be the ideal situation, to replace all the pyridoxine you
take with pyridoxamine if possible. The problem with attempting to do
so is that almost all multi vitamins on the market today contain
vitamin B6 in the form of pyridoxine.
[/quote]
Thanks a lot for the informative answer. I>ll see where and how much I
get. I only take one multi mineral so I>m quite sure that I don>t get
that much B6 at all. |
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